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RNASET2, part of the T2 ribonuclease family, is a versatile protein with many roles in biology. Besides its traditional job of breaking down RNA, recent studies show it has other functions too [1][2]. It's important for the immune system, affecting how different immune cells work [3][4]. In cancer, RNASET2 can act both to stop tumors from forming, like in ovarian cancer and to promote tumor growth [5][6]. In diseases like Crohn's disease, it seems to have a mixed effect on inflammation [7]. It also seems to influence fat production and cell movement in kidney cancer, showing how it's involved in different diseases [8].
RNASET2 is connected to various health problems, from cancer to infertility and nerve damage, showing it's vital for many body functions [9]. It helps control cell growth and can slow down the growth of tumors [10][11]. In ovarian cancer, it seems to have a role in controlling which genes are active, which affects how cancer develops [12].
References:
[1] N. Luhtala and R. Parker, "T2 family ribonucleases: ancient enzymes with diverse roles", Trends in Biochemical Sciences, vol. 35, no. 5, p. 253-259, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs.2010.02.002
[2] S. Monaci, F. Coppola, G. Giuntini, R. Roncoroni, F. Acquati, S. Sozzaniet al., "Hypoxia enhances the expression of rnaset2 in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells: role of pi3k/akt pathway", International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 22, no. 14, p. 7564, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147564
[3] F. Acquati, L. Mortara, A. Vito, D. Baci, A. Albini, M. Cippitelliet al., "Innate immune response regulation by the human rnaset2 tumor suppressor gene", Frontiers in Immunology, vol. 10, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02587
[4] N. Baranzini, L. Monti, M. Vanotti, V. Orlandi, F. Bolognese, D. Scaldaferriet al., "Aif-1 and rnaset2 play complementary roles in the innate immune response of medicinal leech", Journal of Innate Immunity, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 150-167, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1159/000493804
[5] M. Ji, Z. Zhao, Y. Li, P. Xu, J. Shi, Z. Liet al., "Fbxo6-mediated rnaset2 ubiquitination and degradation governs the development of ovarian cancer", Cell Death and Disease, vol. 12, no. 4, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-021-03580-4
[6] F. Acquati, M. Lualdi, S. Bertilaccio, L. Monti, G. Turconi, M. Fabbriet al., "Loss of function of ribonuclease t2, an ancient and phylogenetically conserved rnase, plays a crucial role in ovarian tumorigenesis", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 110, no. 20, p. 8140-8145, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1222079110
[7] E. Biener-Ramanujan, F. Rosier, S. Coetzee, D. McGovern, D. Hazelett, S. Targanet al., "Diagnostic and therapeutic potential of rnaset2 in crohn’s disease: disease-risk polymorphism modulates allelic-imbalance in expression and circulating protein levels and recombinant-rnaset2 attenuates pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion", Frontiers in Immunology, vol. 13, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.999155
[8] Y. Quan, J. Dai, S. Zhou, L. Jin, Y. Long, S. Liuet al., "hif2α‐induced upregulation of rnaset2 promotes triglyceride synthesis and enhances cell migration in clear cell renal cell carcinoma", Febs Open Bio, vol. 13, no. 4, p. 638-654, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1002/2211-5463.13570
[9] G. Caputa, S. Zhao, A. Criado, D. Ory, J. Duncan, & J. Schaffer, "Rnaset2 is required for ros propagation during oxidative stress-mediated cell death", Cell Death and Differentiation, vol. 23, no. 2, p. 347-357, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2015.105
[10] F. Yin, L. Liu, X. Liu, Y. Chen, L. Zheng, D. Liet al., "Downregulation of tumor suppressor gene ribonuclease t2 and gametogenetin binding protein 2 is associated with drug resistance in ovarian cancer", Oncology Reports, vol. 32, no. 1, p. 362-372, 2014. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2014.3175
[11] Q. Wang, X. Wang, & L. Xiang, "Role and mechanism of rnaset2 in the pathogenesis of vitiligo", Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings, vol. 17, no. 1, p. 48-50, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1038/jidsymp.2015.24
[12] G. Turconi, D. Scaldaferri, M. Fabbri, L. Monti, M. Lualdi, E. Pedriniet al., "Rnaset2 silencing affects mirnas and target gene expression pattern in a human ovarian cancer cell model", International Journal of Oncology, vol. 49, no. 6, p. 2637-2646, 2016. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2016.3763
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